Hope I can help too
1. Depends what kind of claw/talon you want to draw. I'd say look up a bunch of references of real animals who have claws and talons, and look up interpretations of them (so other drawings/paintings, etc.) and also find up "how to draw dragon claw" or "how to draw bird talon" tutorials (I know they're out there
).
So look at a bunch and high variety of different references and pick the ones that suit you the most, practise from thereon out.
2. As indeed George showed, I was going for something similar.
3. To not draw all of them
No, but seriously, don't draw all the scales. You have detailed work and then you have painstakingly detailed work. You can do both, but since I already know you don't want to do the latter, the solution is simple: Draw a few scales here and there and leave the rest open. It'll be enough to show the creature would be covered in scales.
I'm sure if you also look up tutorials for this or even type in "draw all scales"/ "do not draw all scales" that you'll probably get something like so too (at least from what I recall when I looked into it myself a while back).
With this step, looking at a variety of drawings and pictures might also help to see how other artists draw scales to at least seemingly-show the creature is completely covered in scales when they only drew a few scales.
So hope this helps
